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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is associated by high rates of comorbidity, including anxiety, depression and addiction to drugs, as well as significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed drugs. Medicines Many adults with ADHD report significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning in response to medication. It is essential that those suffering from ADHD find the combination of medications that is effective for them. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug used once per day to reduce the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults with ADHD are also successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of medications can be used in conjunction with stimulants or on their own to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, can have an calming effect and are able to improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity in certain adults. However, these medications can cause a very low blood pressure if they are suddenly stopped or reduced in dosage. Adults with ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help people deal with feelings of shame, embarrassment and resentment against coworkers, supervisors, teachers and family members who may criticize or nag them. Counseling for families and marriage is a great method to help couples suffering from ADHD improve their understanding of each other and improve their communication. Behavioral Therapy The primary goal of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to help people learn strategies and skills that help improve performance in everyday life. Psychotherapy can help people with ADHD overcome their self-esteem problems and the feeling of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavior therapy, assists people in changing their negative thoughts and emotions that cause problems in their life. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating various conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be used on its own or in conjunction with other therapies. CBT may involve group therapy, which is particularly helpful for adults with ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to interact with other people who have similar struggles and to discover how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to standard therapy for adults with ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were linked to diverse approaches that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving training and mindfulness meditation. It is essential to assess the efficacy between different treatment options for adults with ADHD with caution. It is possible that the different outcomes of the treatments depend on a variety of factors, including treatment characteristics, measures employed and the background of the patient. A few studies have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a method that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while doing cognitive tasks to identify areas in the brain that there is too much or too little activity, and instructing the individual to control these patterns. Counseling Many people who suffer from ADHD also have anxiety or mood disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help to address these issues, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy techniques that can help improve the ability of individuals to manage conflicts and create lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to alter negative behaviors and assist in reducing self-destructive and impulsive behaviors which can lead to issues at work or school. In certain cases, psychotherapy is used as an adjunct to medication for adult adhd in adults treatment. Patients with comorbid disorders such as addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder need to be assessed to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions, including thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and seizures in the past, have to be treated more aggressively because they are more at risk of complications from medication. If ADHD is sufficient to cause problems with everyday functioning and quality of life, intensive outpatient programs may be suggested. These programs offer a more intensive and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of cognitive therapy, aids adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning and executive functioning. It helps them recognize and express emotions, and it uses exercises and worksheets to make the learning interesting. Meditation training that is mindful enhances CBT, and it improves the ability of people to concentrate and control their emotions. It also increases a person's ability to tolerate stress and arousal. It can assist them in dealing with anger, sadness and other difficult emotions that may be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD report difficulties functioning at work and at home. In addition to impacting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and can cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem and address the root of the issue. adult adhd diagnosis and treatment will also assist you in developing healthy coping methods. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults with ADHD because it helps you change your negative beliefs and behavior. It focuses on teaching you to use strategies for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and a perception of a limited selection. Many adults with ADHD also suffer from anxiety or depression. These psychiatric conditions can decrease or even increase the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and observe its response to medication before proceeding to treatment of the other condition. Occupational therapy can teach you methods to organize your life and work, create regular routines, manage your time and money, and create an optimistic self-image. It can also help you learn relaxation techniques that may reduce your hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by stabilizing the body in different poses. Counseling for families and marriage can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they cause their children, spouses and other family members. They often complain about being unreliable, disorganized, forgetful and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Classes and therapy in which spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you establish more harmonious relationships. It can aid you and your family members to understand that the issues are due to ADHD, rather than the lack of care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly common neurobiological disorder. It is often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include medication and psychosocial interventions. A variety of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD, and some of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the medication. Adults with ADHD may experience the same symptoms as children have, but it's difficult to determine since childhood symptoms may not persist in adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD might not have any family history of the disorder or may not be aware of symptoms. It is crucial to take an extensive medical history in order to determine if the symptoms are caused by an illness like thyroid issues or sleep apnea, and vision issues. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. Stimulants are the most effective drugs to treat adults suffering from ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 – 80 percent range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also administered via a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery during the day. Nonstimulant medications for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that work on norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has been proven to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medicine and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every seven days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, was shown to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been proven to boost mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity but it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.